Down Syndrome Organ Transplant Nondiscrimination Act
| Model Bill Info | |
|---|---|
| Bill Title | Down Syndrome Organ Transplant Nondiscrimination Act |
| Date Introduced | December 2, 2021 |
| Date Finalized | December 16, 2021 |
| Type | Model Policy |
| Status | Final |
| Task Forces | Health and Human Services |
Down Syndrome Organ Transplant Nondiscrimination Act
SECTION 1. This act shall be known and may be cited as the “Down Syndrome Organ Transplant Nondiscrimination Act.”
SECTION 2.
Legislative findings and declaration of policy.
(Insert State) makes the following findings and declaration: (1) A mental or physical disability does not diminish a person’s right to health care. (2) The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 et seq., as amended, prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, yet many individuals with disabilities still experience discrimination in accessing critical health care services. (3) In other states nationwide, individuals with mental and physical disabilities have been denied lifesaving organ transplants based on assumptions that their lives are less worthy, that they are incapable of complying with post-transplant medical requirements, or that they lack adequate support systems to ensure compliance with post-transplant medical requirements. (4) Although organ transplant centers must consider medical and psychosocial criteria when determining if a patient is suitable to receive an organ transplant, transplant centers that participate in Medicare, Medicaid, and other federally funded programs are required to use patient selection criteria that result in a fair and nondiscriminatory distribution of organs. (5) (Insert State) residents in need of organ transplants are entitled to assurances that they will not encounter discrimination on the basis of a disability.
(Insert state) hereby declares that the life of an individual with a disability who needs an organ transplant is as worthy and valuable as the life of an individual without a disability who needs the same medical service.
Definitions.
The following definitions apply in this Part:
(1) Anatomical gift. – A donation of all or part of a human body to take effect after the donor’s death for the purpose of transplantation or transfusion. (2) Auxiliary aids or services. – An aid or service that is used to provide information to an individual with a cognitive, developmental, intellectual, neurological, or physical disability and is available in a format or manner that allows the individual to better understand the information. An auxiliary aid or service may include any of the following:
a. Qualified interpreters or other effective methods of making aurally delivered materials available to persons with hearing impairments. b. Qualified readers, taped texts, texts in accessible electronic format, or other effective methods of making visually delivered materials available to persons with visual impairments. c. Supported decision-making services, including any of the following:
1. The use of a support individual to communicate information to the individual with a disability, ascertain the wishes of the individual, or assist the individual in making decisions. 2. The disclosure of information to a legal guardian, authorized representative, or another individual designated by the individual with a disability for such purpose, as long as the disclosure is consistent with State and federal law, including sections 261 through 264 of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, P.L. 104-191, as amended, and any federal regulations adopted to implement these sections. 3. If an individual has a court-appointed guardian or other individual responsible for making medical decisions on behalf of the individual, any measures used to ensure that the individual is included in decisions involving the individual’s health care and that medical decisions are in accordance with the individual’s own expressed interests. 4. Any other aid or service that is used to provide information in a format that is easily understandable and accessible to individuals with cognitive, neurological, developmental, or intellectual disabilities, including assistive communication technology. (3) Covered entity. – Any licensed provider of health care services, including licensed health care practitioners, hospitals, nursing facilities, laboratories, intermediate care facilities, psychiatric residential treatment facilities, institutions for individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities, and prison health centers.
(4) Disability. – As defined in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42
U.S.C. § 12102 et seq., as amended.
(5) Organ transplant. – The transplantation or transfusion of a part of a human body into the body of another for the purpose of treating or curing a medical condition. (6) Qualified recipient. – Any individual who has a disability and meets the essential eligibility requirements for the receipt of an anatomical gift with or without any of the following:
a. Individuals or entities available to support and assist the individual with an anatomical gift or transplantation. b. Auxiliary aids or services. c. Reasonable modifications to the policies, practices, or procedures of a covered entity, including modifications to allow for either or both of the following:
1. Communication with one or more individuals or entities available to support or assist with the recipient’s care and medication after surgery or transplantation. 2. Consideration of support networks available to the individual, including family, friends, and home and community-based services, including home and community-based services funded through Medicaid, Medicare, another health plan in which the individual is enrolled, or any program or source of funding available to the individual, when determining whether the individual is able to comply with post-transplant medical requirements.
Organ transplant discrimination on the basis of disability prohibited.
(a) It is unlawful for a covered entity to do any of the following, solely on the basis of an individual’s disability:
(1) Consider an individual ineligible to receive an anatomical gift or organ transplant. (2) Deny medical services or other services related to organ transplantation, including diagnostic services, evaluation, surgery, counseling, and post-operative treatment and services. (3) Refuse to refer the individual to a transplant center or other related specialist for the purpose of being evaluated for or receiving an organ transplant. (4) Refuse to place a qualified recipient on an organ transplant waiting list. (5) Place a qualified recipient on an organ transplant waiting list at a lower priority position than the position at which the individual would have been placed if the individual did not have a disability. (6) Refuse insurance coverage for any procedure associated with being evaluated for or receiving an anatomical gift or organ transplant, including post-transplantation and post-transfusion care.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, a covered entity may take an individual’s disability into account when making treatment or coverage recommendations or decisions, solely to the extent that the disability has been found by a physician or surgeon, following an individualized evaluation of the individual, to be medically significant to the provision of the anatomical gift. (c) If an individual has the necessary support system to assist the individual in complying with post-transplant medical requirements, a covered entity may not consider the individual’s inability to independently comply with post-transplant medical requirements to be medically significant for the purposes of subsection (b) of this section. (d) A covered entity shall make reasonable modifications to its policies, practices, or procedures to allow individuals with disabilities access to transplantation-related services, including diagnostic services, surgery, coverage, post-operative treatment, and counseling, unless the covered entity can demonstrate that making such modifications would fundamentally alter the nature of such services. (e) A covered entity shall take steps necessary to ensure that an individual with a disability is not denied medical services or other services related to organ transplantation, including diagnostic services, surgery, post-operative treatment, or counseling, due to the absence of auxiliary aids or services, unless the covered entity demonstrates that taking these steps would fundamentally alter the nature of the medical services or other services related to organ transplantation or would result in an undue burden for the covered entity. (f) The provisions of this section apply to all stages of the organ transplant process. (g) Nothing in this Part shall be construed to require a covered entity to make a referral or recommendation for or perform a medically inappropriate organ transplant.
Enforcement. (a) Whenever it appears that a covered entity has violated or is violating any of the provisions of this Part, the affected individual may commence a civil action for injunctive and other equitable relief against the covered entity for purposes of enforcing compliance with this Part. The action may be brought in the district court for the county where the affected individual resides or resided or was denied the organ transplant or referral. (b) In an action brought under this Part, the court shall give priority on its docket and expedited review, and may grant injunctive or other equitable relief, including any of the following:
(1) Requiring auxiliary aids or services to be made available for a qualified recipient. (2) Requiring the modification of a policy, practice, or procedure of a covered entity. (3) Requiring facilities be made readily accessible to and usable by a qualified recipient. The Court may not award compensatory or punitive damages for violations of this Part.
(c) Nothing in this Part is intended to limit or replace available remedies under the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. § 12102 et seq., as amended, or any other applicable federal or State laws.”
This section applies to anatomical gifts that become available for transplantation on or after [insert date].
Coverage related to organ transplants.
(a) For the purposes of this section, the following definitions apply:
(1) Anatomical gift. – The donation of all or part of a human body to take effect after the donor’s death for the purpose of a transplant. (2) Disability. – As defined in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12102 et seq., as amended. (3) Health benefit plan (4) Insurer (5) Transplant. – The transplantation or transfusion of a part of a human body into the body of another human for the purpose of treating or curing a medical condition.
(b) No insurer offering a health benefit plan in this State that provides coverage for anatomical gifts, organ transplants, or treatment and services related to anatomical gifts or transplants shall do any of the following:
(1) Deny coverage to an insured solely on the basis of that individual’s disability. (2) Deny to an individual eligibility, or continued eligibility, to enroll or to renew coverage under the terms of a health benefit plan solely for the purpose of avoiding the requirements of this section. (3) Attempt to induce a health care provider to provide care to an insured in a manner inconsistent with this section by doing either of the following:
a. Penalizing, or otherwise reducing or limiting the reimbursement of, a health care provider. b. Providing monetary or nonmonetary incentives to a health care provider.
(4) Reduce or limit health benefit plan coverage benefits to an insured for any services related to organ transplantation performed determined to be necessary in consultation with the attending physician and the insured (5) In the case of a health benefit plan maintained pursuant to one or more collective bargaining agreements between employee representatives and one or more employers, any amendment to the health benefit plan made pursuant to a collective bargaining agreement solely to conform to this section shall not be treated as a termination of the collective bargaining agreement.
(d) Nothing in this section shall be deemed to require an insurer to provide coverage for a medically inappropriate organ transplant.”
